Total knee arthroplasty (TKA), also known as total knee replacement, is one of the most commonly performed orthopedic procedures. TKA consists of resection of the diseased articular surfaces of the knee, followed by resurfacing with metal and polyethylene prosthetic components. For the properly selected patient, the procedure results in significant pain relief, as well as improved function and quality of life. In spite of the potential benefits of TKA, TKA is usually performed on an elective basis and should only be considered after exhaustion of appropriate nonsurgical therapies and extensive discussion of the risks, benefits, and alternatives.